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You lot are hither: Home / Police School Admissions / Do Underrepresented Minority (URM) Applicants Have a Law School Admissions Advantage?

Law school admissions decisions are often thought to exist formulaic and presume LSAT and GPA are the only important elements. We cannot deny that those numbers play a huge (and important) part in nigh admissions decisions. Simply, they aren't the only factors that thing. We've previously discussed other cardinal ingredients in the admissions determination factors, such as timing and applying through early on conclusion (ED). In that location are other factors that make a difference, and some of them are quantifiable factors with user-reported data. These include an applicant's gender, traditional or non-traditional status, and URM. In law school lingo, URM stands for an underrepresented minority. This postal service volition focus on statistics relating to how URM status may touch on law school application outcomes.

How Big of a Function Does Minority Status Play?

Theoretically, URM applicants may get a "boost," or increase chance of admission, due to their status every bit an underrepresented minority. There are a number of reasons and explanations for this, which become far across our purposes here. Merely, in general, law schools believe that creating a diverse environment means creating a rich environment. There is also evidence that the LSAT, while it generally creates a level playing field, may somewhat disadvantage certain racial and ethnic minorities. In addition, there are questions regarding structural problems with our public education organization that might disadvantage sure groups. Regardless of the reasoning for an URM boost, nonetheless, there is plenty of anecdotal testify to propose that information technology exists. The purpose of our analysis hither is to provide some numerical statistics to support that anecdotal evidence.

To address questions regarding any advantage URM candidates might have in law schoolhouse admissions, hither'due south what we need to practise:

1. Quantify what we've termed the "URM Boost" by measuring the effects of URM status on admissions outcomes. We will too be controlling a variety of other quantifiable factors.
2. Present the average LSAT and GPA figures for both URM and non-URM admits to schools in the USNWR Top 100. These schools have sufficient user-reported data available and thus make this equation more consistent.

This analysis makes use of data reported by law school applicants and spans the 2009/2010 through 2015/2016 application cycles. The URM condition for individual applicants was self-reported.

Does the URM heave exist?

Tabular array 1a

Short answer: aye! Almost every school we cover shows an increased chance of admission to URM applicants, with higher boosts for higher-tiered schools. Allow's review by tier. The number given in the table is the % increase in chances for admission for URM vs. non-URM candidates. We controlled for LSAT, GPA, applicant gender, ED application, non-traditional status, and the month an application was sent.

Equally you tin can run across in Table 1a, law schools typically give a 7% boost to URM applicants. In other words, a URM applicant who is exactly equal to a non-URM candidate, including all other factors nosotros command for, is 7% more than likely to be admitted to any law school than a not-URM equivalent. This number is a whopping 498% in the Superlative fourteen, 126% in the Acme 25, and 52% in the Superlative l police force schools.

From this data, we tin can conclude that URM applicants have a major reward during admissions decisions. That advantage is fifty-fifty higher in summit-tier schools.

The Acme 100 and the URM Heave

Table 1b below lists the 74 schools in the Top 100 for which we have enough data to depict conclusions. Information technology is ranked in order of the URM boost per centum. Schools shaded in xanthous demonstrated no statistically significant (NSS) discernible boost for URM applicants.

Rank	School	URM Boost
57	Case Western	36457%
72	Loyola (Chicago)	25292%
six	NYU	18728%
iv	Chicago	18172%
13	Cornell	13369%
2	Harvard	10360%
11	Duke	8336%
4	Columbia	6707%
3	Stanford	6069%
16	Vanderbilt	5440%
19	USC	4672%
l	Temple	4172%
14	Georgetown	3623%
40	Wake Forest	2845%
82	Northeastern	2829%
40	U of Colorado (Bedrock)	1888%
86	Penn Land	1795%
86	Chicago-Kent	1731%
65	U of Connecticut	1703%
33	U Wisconsin (Madison)	1655%
25	George Washington	1573%
45	U of Utah	1572%
15	U Texas	1564%
40	Washington & Lee	1497%
37	Fordham	1402%
20	Boston U	1363%
40	U of Illinois	1239%
8	UC Berkeley	1117%
12	Northwestern	1032%
78	U of Pittsburgh	1000%
28	Boston College	850%
1	Yale	823%
30	Ohio State	794%
92	Lewis & Clark	698%
forty	U of Arizona	668%
17	UCLA	663%
28	U Alabama	642%
30	William & Mary	624%
78	American	603%
8	UVA	587%
33	U Georgia	585%
xviii	WUSTL	565%
65	Loyola Marymount	557%
25	Arizona State	528%
7	U Penn	512%
8	Michigan	490%
25	Indiana (Bloomington)	435%
38	UNC	371%
45	Southern Methodist	363%
74	Cardozo	359%
33	U Washington	352%
72	Denver	344%
48	U of Maryland	335%
30	UC Davis	321%
86	Syracuse	294%
50	Hastings	262%
60	U of Miami	255%
57	Georgia State	250%
22	Minnesota	235%
97	Brooklyn	230%
50	Houston	NSS
22	Notre Dame	NSS
22	Emory	NSS
20	Iowa	NSS
45	George Mason	NSS
48	U of Florida	NSS
l	FSU	NSS
fifty	Tulane	NSS
55	Baylor	NSS
55	Richmond	NSS
60	U of Kentucky	NSS
65	Pepperdine	NSS
74	U of San Diego	NSS
100	Michigan State	NSS

Some of you might exist asking "Table 1a shows that for Top 50 schools every bit a whole, there is a 52% URM boost, but Tabular array 1b makes it await like that should be much larger!" It's a expert question but that disparity is explained past the fact that some schools accept no URM boost at all and the data is beingness sliced differently in each table.

In Table 1b, each school analyzes its applicants in a vacuum, without regard to other schools. In Table 1a, those applicants are grouped together within a tier. To put it differently, for the Tiptop xiv, Yale, Harvard, and Cornell students are all lumped together.

Yous have probably also noticed that many of the numbers in Table 1b are astronomical. Case Western gives URM applicants a 365-times better shot at admission? The takeaway here is that there are some URM admits whose numerical profiles (forth with other quantifiable admissions factors) simply would not have a shot if not for their URM status and other unmeasurable factors similar their personal statement, recommendations, resume, etc.

Don't read too much into any individual numbers in Table 1b. Instead, call up of it as a guideline that shows which schools requite relatively larger/smaller URM boosts.

LSAT Differentials

To brand things easier to digest, below are tables that show average LSAT and GPA scores for admitted URM students vs. non-URM students at the Top 100 schools. Beginning up, in Tabular array 2a, we are focusing on LSAT scores. The schools are listed by the divergence between an average not-URM admit's LSAT vs. the boilerplate URM admit's LSAT. Please note that nothing else is controlled for here, and these are just the raw numbers.

Rank	School	Non-URM LSAT	URM LSAT	LSAT Differential
4	Columbia	173.9	166.2	seven.7
40	Washington & Lee	165.7	158.7	seven.0
2	Harvard	174.iii	167.5	half dozen.8
4	Chicago	172.7	166.three	6.4
57	Case Western	162.1	155.8	6.three
half dozen	NYU	173.1	167.0	vi.2
82	Northeastern	163.9	157.8	6.1
18	WUSTL	168.v	162.vi	5.nine
8	UC Berkeley	171.6	165.9	5.7
12	Northwestern	171.v	165.8	5.7
eleven	Duke	172.0	166.four	5.6
eight	Michigan	171.0	165.4	5.6
xl	U of Illinois	166.5	160.9	five.half-dozen
7	U Penn	171.vi	166.ane	5.v
72	Loyola (Chicago)	162.2	156.five	v.iii
78	American	161.8	156.5	5.3
xiv	Georgetown	171.2	165.9	5.3
sixteen	Vanderbilt	169.viii	164.6	5.2
28	U Alabama	166.3	161.1	5.1
38	UNC	164.9	159.8	5.1
3	Stanford	173.7	168.7	5.1
13	Cornell	170.two	165.2	5.0
ane	Yale	175.0	170.0	5.0
33	U Georgia	166.4	161.5	iv.9
92	Lewis & Clark	163.8	159.i	four.6
30	William & Mary	166.87	162.2	iv.6
78	U of Pittsburgh	161.9	157.4	4.v
15	U Texas	170.0	165.5	4.5
86	Chicago-Kent	162.0	157.6	4.four
17	UCLA	170.0	165.vi	4.3
45	Southern Methodist	164.5	160.2	4.three
100	Michigan Land	159.0	154.seven	4.3
25	George Washington	167.7	163.4	4.three
eight	UVA	170.8	166.6	four.3
nineteen	USC	169.one	164.eight	4.2
22	Notre Dame	166.9	162.seven	four.2
22	Emory	167.5	163.3	iv.1
50	Houston	164.iv	160.4	4.0
48	U of Maryland	163.4	159.4	4.0
86	Syracuse	157.five	153.5	3.ix
50	Temple	163.6	159.7	3.nine
25	Indiana (Bloomington)	165.four	161.5	3.9
33	U Washington	166.9	163.0	3.eight
thirty	Ohio Land	164.3	160.5	iii.8
33	U Wisconsin (Madison)	164.6	160.8	3.8
86	Penn State	161.seven	158.0	3.8
74	Cardozo	164.5	160.8	3.8
50	Hastings	164.7	161.0	three.seven
twenty	Boston U	167.ane	163.4	3.7
65	U of Connecticut	162.viii	159.1	3.7
28	Boston College	166.seven	163.1	three.half-dozen
40	Wake Forest	164.5	160.9	3.six
97	Brooklyn	162.eight	159.3	iii.half-dozen
thirty	UC Davis	165.6	162.2	3.iv
twenty	Iowa	164.4	161.0	3.4
55	Baylor	163.half dozen	160.three	iii.three
37	Fordham	167.3	164.0	three.2
45	George Mason	163.7	160.7	3.1
40	U of Arizona	163.4	160.5	ii.ix
60	U of Kentucky	160.7	157.8	ii.9
22	Minnesota	167.6	164.7	2.nine
48	U of Florida	163.3	160.six	2.7
55	Richmond	162.4	159.7	2.vii
40	U of Colorado (Boulder)	165.6	162.9	2.seven
65	Loyola Marymount	163.5	160.9	2.5
25	Arizona Country	164.0	161.5	two.v
50	Tulane	163.0	160.6	2.5
45	U of Utah	163.i	160.7	2.four
72	Denver	160.9	158.8	ii.ane
l	FSU	162.5	160.five	2.0
65	Pepperdine	163.4	161.6	i.8
57	Georgia State	161.vii	160.0	one.7
74	U of San Diego	162.8	161.ii	1.6
threescore	U of Miami	160.nine	159.4	1.6

As you lot can come across, Columbia has the highest LSAT differential (by quite a bit, actually), with Columbia's differential being nigh five times college than the University of Miami'south, which is bringing up the rear. And, of grade, there is a wide range in between.

Table 2b

When comparing the Top 14 schools in Table 2b, the range is much smaller, but all the same considerable. Note that UVA's differential, despite being the lowest in Tabular array 2b, is however well inside the tiptop one-half for the 74 schools. This further underscores the idea that the URM heave is worth more at top schools.

GPA Differentials

In the following tables, we repeat the aforementioned exercise for GPA:

Rank	School	Non-URM GPA	URM GPA	GPA Differential
60	U of Kentucky	3.43	3.xx	0.23
25	Indiana (Bloomington)	3.52	iii.30	0.22
65	U of Connecticut	3.46	iii.26	0.21
86	Chicago-Kent	three.34	3.14	0.19
l	Temple	three.48	iii.29	0.19
40	U of Illinois	iii.53	iii.34	0.19
20	Iowa	3.59	3.40	0.nineteen
92	Lewis & Clark	3.43	iii.25	0.18
78	American	3.45	3.28	0.17
72	Loyola (Chicago)	three.38	three.21	0.17
97	Brooklyn	3.43	iii.27	0.15
74	Cardozo	3.51	iii.36	0.15
28	Boston Higher	3.62	three.48	0.xv
78	U of Pittsburgh	3.44	3.29	0.xv
30	William & Mary	3.64	three.50	0.xiv
57	Example Western	3.41	3.27	0.xiv
25	Arizona State	three.55	3.41	0.14
86	Penn State	3.45	3.31	0.xiv
45	U of Utah	3.l	three.37	0.13
74	U of San Diego	3.47	3.35	0.13
50	Hastings	three.55	3.43	0.13
half dozen	NYU	three.79	three.66	0.13
2	Harvard	3.89	three.76	0.12
22	Minnesota	iii.53	3.41	0.12
xxx	Ohio State	three.61	3.49	0.12
40	Washington & Lee	iii.52	3.40	0.12
65	Loyola Marymount	iii.52	iii.41	0.12
iv	Columbia	3.79	3.68	0.12
28	U Alabama	3.53	3.41	0.12
xv	U Texas	iii.71	iii.60	0.11
3	Stanford	iii.91	iii.lxxx	0.11
16	Vanderbilt	iii.70	3.59	0.11
4	Chicago	3.85	3.74	0.xi
xiii	Cornell	3.75	3.64	0.xi
seven	U Penn	three.82	3.71	0.11
xix	USC	3.74	iii.64	0.x
57	Georgia State	3.47	3.36	0.x
33	U Wisconsin (Madison)	3.48	3.38	0.ten
40	U of Arizona	3.52	three.42	0.10
ane	Yale	iii.52	iii.42	0.x
100	Michigan State	3.48	3.39	0.10
8	UC Berkeley	3.84	three.75	0.09
12	Northwestern	3.68	3.59	0.09
twoscore	U of Colorado (Boulder)	iii.54	iii.45	0.09
20	Boston U	iii.67	iii.58	0.09
40	Wake Wood	3.50	3.42	0.09
48	U of Maryland	3.47	3.39	0.09
8	Michigan	iii.74	iii.66	0.08
11	Knuckles	3.79	iii.71	0.08
65	Pepperdine	three.55	iii.47	0.08
86	Syracuse	iii.36	3.28	0.07
33	U Washington	iii.65	three.58	0.07
14	Georgetown	3.71	3.64	0.07
22	Notre Matriarch	3.63	3.57	0.06
55	Richmond	3.40	three.33	0.06
xviii	WUSTL	3.54	3.48	0.06
37	Fordham	3.61	3.55	0.06
45	George Mason	three.50	3.44	0.06
55	Baylor	3.48	three.42	0.06
82	Northeastern	3.48	3.42	0.06
30	UC Davis	three.61	three.55	0.06
72	Denver	3.37	3.32	0.06
8	UVA	iii.74	iii.68	0.06
38	UNC	three.56	3.51	0.05
25	George Washington	3.61	three.56	0.05
60	U of Miami	3.45	iii.twoscore	0.05
50	Tulane	three.45	iii.45	0.05
17	UCLA	iii.73	iii.74	-0.01
50	FSU	3.47	3.50	-0.03
22	Emory	3.58	iii.62	-0.04
45	Southern Methodist	three.45	3.51	-0.06
33	U Georgia	3.49	3.56	-0.07
50	Houston	3.44	3.53	-0.x
48	U of Florida	iii.55	iii.66	-0.11

Tabular array 3b

Here, nosotros see a range of differentials, this time for the GPA. You tin see that for 7 schools, admitted URMs had a higher average GPA than admitted non-URM applicants. Admittedly, some of that may have to do with smaller sample sizes for URM applicants that may not be entirely representative. Regardless, this gives y'all a general thought of where the schools stand in terms of the divergence in the GPAs of URM and non-URM admitted students.

While a lot tin can be said or debated about these numbers, 1 thing for sure is that when information technology comes time for constabulary schoolhouse applications. Students who tin use as underrepresented minorities do seem to accept an advantage. For those students, each additional LSAT signal (or tenth of a point of GPA) can exist that extra edge needed to get into a schoolhouse.

Final notation: Some of the information used here comes from public, self-reported sources. Thus information technology tin be bailiwick to some variation and dubiousness. Please continue this in mind when reviewing specific outcomes, and recollect that each year the numbers can and exercise change.

Non Traditional Black Women Reading Comp Lsat

Source: https://blog.powerscore.com/lsat/do-underrepresented-minority-urm-applicants-have-a-law-school-admissions-advantage/

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